Advancements in pop-up buoy technology for enhancing seafloor data collection: insights from a year of trials

Abstract

After nearly two years of development, the Pop-Up buoy technol- ogy has proven essential for data retrieval from stand-alone sea- bed oceanographic platforms, reducing reliance on autonomous vehicle surveys and frequent oceanographic campaigns. In 2024, extensive laboratory and field testing significantly advanced its Technology Readiness Level (TRL). Key improvements include the integration of an external antenna, enhanced buoyancy, the de- velopment of image transmission methods, and the optimization of ARGOS transmission parameters, among other advancements. This paper summarizes a year of rigorous testing and highlights the advancements made toward deploying this technology in re- al-world marine environments.