Innovative and Sustainable Cultural Heritage for Local Development in the Face of Territorial Imbalance

Abstract

Recent changes in the conception of cultural heritage have led to considering it not only as an object of protection and safeguarding but, beyond that, as a resource for sustainable development. Consequently, the effects of correctly handling heritage issues may significantly contribute to one of the great contemporary challenges of the western world: the urban-territorial imbalance. In this study, our purpose is to extract the key means of contributing to the innovative and sustainable deployment of cultural heritage for the local development of rural, peripheral, and/or vulnerable areas. Through the consideration of both socio-economic and urban-territorial aspects, and analysis of two European case studies, we aim to demonstrate how these practices and the very presence of cultural heritage can contribute to alleviating territorial imbalances. For this purpose, we set out the findings of bibliographic and documentary research with recourse to data processing. We have mainly applied statistical data on demographic trends across different scales as well as data on facets of natural and cultural, tangible and intangible heritage. The two cases chosen are southern Spain and Hungary. They reflect the plurality of the rural territories of Europe and their diversity of circumstances, both in terms of their territorial occupation and the socio-demographic evolution and treatment of their respective heritage. The results not only reveal how the mere presence of heritage and its protection contribute to improving demographic trends in vulnerable areas but also that these effects are enhanced when accompanied by innovative initiatives and territorial cooperation.