DIFFUSE REGIONAL SCENARIO AND SOCIO-TERRITORIAL SEGREGATION. The case of Valparaiso

Abstract

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the evolution of the urban diffusion of Valparaíso, in a time frame of 200 years, a process that has become a scenario of socio-territorial segregation, fostered by the economic liberalization policies of the last 50 years. In addition, it has an intrinsic objective in its analysis structure, which is to use the systemic approach of Luis Ainstein, which consists of three key moments, as an attractive central area, mainly due to the port and its activity, later being the temporary financial center of the new country, which generates a process of massive urbanization, which we characterize in two sub-stages due to the type of development policies, exogenous growth, which is a primary economic policy-export of minerals, which attracts a large number of immigrants, This generates an economic boom, which ends with the creation of synthetic saltpeter and the construction of the Panama Canal, which leaves the port off the commercial routes, and then, at this same stage, we characterize endogenous growth, marked by the period of industrialization and rural-city migration in the middle of the 20th century. Finally, this work provides the economic framework from 1973 to the current period, which inserts this city, already converted into a metropolitan area in the context of global economy, at the cost of a shocking process of economic liberalization, deepened in the years of democracy, which It results in a territory directed by the market rather than by planning, evidencing a segmented and discontinuous urbanization in its metropolitan area..

Keywords: Urban Diffusion, metropolitan area, Latin American.