Metodología para la explotación de datos escáner laser terrestre en SIG para estudios de accesibilidad física al patrimonio arquitectónico

Abstract

The ability to know and enjoy the city's Architectural Heritage has been the main subject of studies by public authorities and the scientific community, specializing in research projects concerning accessibility planning in the last years. This is partly due to the growing trend to promote cultural tourism by promoting the assets themselves and, secondly, the interest to identify and fix issues related to physical accessibility for taking steps to eliminate barriers from the physical environment, especially for those groups of people with disabilities. There are certain parameters to be considered in a study of accessibility, such as gradients or slopes, design and location of furniture and the dimensions of access, among others. The overall objective of this project is to analyze the possibility of using data from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) to determine and calculate some parameters that allow an assessment of the degree of accessibility of particular physical surroundings with architectural and historical value. The TLS is a surveying instrument for obtaining large number of measures in the form of millions of spatial coordinates in the reference frame of the instrument itself, and in a relatively short time. With repeated measures from different positions successively and subsequent union into a single reference system through the recognition of homologous points, one can obtain a 3D model of a complex environment. The global point cloud obtained complements and integrates with high-resolution digital images and is optimized for better data management. Once optimized the point cloud, can generate digital terrain models, from which and through analysis in Geographic Information System (GIS) can yield a slope map. This information is very important because allows the application of accessibility criteria and evaluation measures to ensure the accessibility of the virtual model of the physical environment analyzed to determine an insufficient width or the presence of steps or other obstacles. The implementation of the proposed methodology to specific cases is to validate its effectiveness. Demonstrate how from the information provided by the laser scanner, can be exploited in a GIS environment, to assess some of the main parameters of physical accessibility for Architectural Heritage.