Dinámicas de las concentraciones de empleo en sectores intensivos en conocimiento y su relación con las políticas locales de promoción económica: un estudio para la Provincia de Barcelona

Abstract

Agglomeration economies are transforming the map of distribution of employment in the metropolitan areas and are affecting the changes in urban structures. One of the clearest effects is the positive impact on productivity of firms that seek to locate in a specific place as a competitive tool for the productive processes, interact with the processes of regional development. These phenomena are studied in the Province of Barcelona for the period 1991-2001, studying the economic sectors in knowledge-intensive sectors defined by the OECD as high-tech industries and high-knowledge services for its intrinsic relation with the existence of economies agglomeration, in addition to the textile industry, an activity that has historically characterized the economic development of this Region. The study was conducted in two stages: the first examines the transformation of the employment market in the sectors and the period defined above, from the information workplace located (LTL) by municipality, the censuses of 1991 and 2001 the National Statistics Institute (INE). In the second stage has been an analysis of key factors arising from the fields of public planning which led to the consolidation of these sectors. That is why, through personal interviews in depth technical and business economic development of some of these municipalities have been detected and analyzed those policies, instruments and / or measures that have been implemented at the initiative of their own supra-municipal entities and organizations with the aim of strengthening this process. The results suggest that there has indeed been significant progress in the growth of economic activity in the sectors studied in the Province, and that this growth response in some of the cases to local economic promotion policies developed by governments. This paper is presented as part of the results obtained in the project CAEE The Case for Agglomeration Economies in Europe Targeted Analysis 2013/2/1 ESPON 2013. Programme of the European Union, and in which participated also Polytechnic University Catalunya, the University of Manchester, National University of Ireland and the Ecole Normale Supérieure Lettres Sciences Humaines, Lyon.