Políticas habitacionais e ação da indústria imobiliária na produção do espaço: o caso do Bairro de Campo Grande no Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

This article intends to conduct an historical-critical analysis of housing production sponsored by the government in the neighborhood of Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro; and the present land value, which intensified the action of the real estate industry. Today, these two actors are the main agents of change in the space of Campo Grande and surrounding areas. Despite being one of the most remote districts of the downtown area, it has become a centrality for the West Zone, considering the dynamics of trade based on sub-center and West Shopping, and consolidated infrastructure – roads, services and equipment urban. It will address the housing policies of the National Housing Bank - BNH - and its role in the urban sprawl of "distant periphery" (ABREU, 2006) to demonstrate that the performance of state repeats itself today because popular enterprises are being built into even more remote areas. On the other hand, the housing market has guaranteed access to the wealthiest locations in Campo Grande, increasing the value of land. Thus, it is expected to expose these contradictions and encourage further studies about the region, which became one of the main fronts of city expansion for the middle and popular classes. The theoretical approach was based on authors who have studied the production of urban space in Rio de Janeiro, as Corrêa (1979 and 1999) and Soares (1965 and 1990), was also extremely important studies of Lago (2000 and 2007) and Bienenstein (2001) about the historicization of peripheral settlements and housing policies. The investigation was enhanced with photographs and information obtained from various official agencies such as Municipality of Rio de Janeiro and IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - in order to support the issue of social, economic, and housing reconfiguration. The utilization of maps aimed to facilitate understanding of the spaces occupied by popular housing and also of the vectors of urban growth in the district, key determinants of social heterogeneity present in the region