Polygeneration systems in urban areas: advantages and disadvantages today

Abstract

Due to the depletion of fossil fuels and a growing awareness of the consequences of greenhouse gases, the intention to implement more sustainable and efficient energy systems is increasing worldwide. With this objective, the biomass mini-generation systems (<1 MW of electricity) aspire to make the most of fuel resources, supplying various services related to energy such as electricity, heat, refrigeration, drinking water, biochemicals, etc. Although its economic and technical viability has been confirmed in rural areas, there are several drawbacks that have slowed its development in urban areas.

Based on two case studies, supported by an in-depth review of the literature, the biggest obstacles to introducing mini-generation systems in urban areas have been identified. The difficulties that polygeneration systems present in urban areas are the high investment costs due to the need to use advanced technologies (eg heat exchangers, “prime movers” / primary motors, absorption coolers, etc.), the high complexity of the systems (their design, construction and operation, as well as in legal matters) and greater difficulty in obtaining a sufficient quantity of biomass.

In addition to technological factors, socio-political aspects such as the uncertainty related to the evolution of technologies and financing slow down the promotion of polygeneration systems.

After identifying these factors, strategic solutions are proposed that municipal authorities can implement to increase the use of biomass mini-generation systems. Among others, it is suggested to implement more efficient processes for the collection and recycling of municipal waste, provide a financial boost to a certain selection of key technologies to favor their growth in the market and greater government support for cooperation between companies, citizens and the own administration.