Impactos de las políticas públicas de hábitat en la construcción del espacio urbano: el caso del Área Metropolitana de Tucumán, Argentina

Abstract

In Latin America, the implementation of neoliberalism as an economic system has led to a development model with high heterogeneity and socioeconomic inequality. The adoption of policies of liberalization, deregulation and economic flexibility, along with the withdrawal of the state of urban management, major changes occurred in the cities. In the hands of great social and demographic change, urban areas experienced rapid development, uneven economic growth in the distribution of income, rising unemployment and high levels of urban informality. Framed in this reality, the production of urban space, was carried out by the management of three social actors: 1.The real estate market; 2 and 3 the national state informal settlements. Of these, the state plays a key role in building the city damming or restricting the development of certain areas either through action (implementation of public policies, regulations, etc.) or omission. Therefore, in a context in which the lack of planning continues, the lack of a framework defining how land occupation imposes the logic of urban real estate market as the main criterion, even for actions of public housing development. This impacts negatively on the city to the extent that speculation favors the private sector, produce residential segregation and inequality in access to land as large sections remain outside the formal market. Which results in the formation of distinct areas within the city exacerbating the gap between social sectors. In Argentina, under the economic growth that occurs after the 2001-2002 crisis, the Federal Government returned home plans to solve the housing problem but with a twist to the social, to meet the needs of the most vulnerable sectors of society. From being solely residential construction (turnkey system) executed by the Provincial Housing Institutes (IPV), policies will be passed to a set of social policies that articulate programs of various orders, domestic, municipal, provincial and IPV. (Argentina Works, Municipality + Close, PROMEVI, PROMEBA Law Pierri implementation of regularization, etc.) that link to social housing problems. However, this has not had the expected results in relation to urban problems. While the need for regional planning was promoted through the PET National and Provincial (Regional Strategic Plan), all implemented programs were developed without proper management tools to define the criteria for the consolidation and development from the Federal Government city and thus ended conspiring against it, as a stage of collective life. The lack of training of local technicians, the use of these programs clientelitas purposes by local politicians and rampant corruption, contributed to aggravating the observed trends. This suggests that the construction of new housing or consolidation or regularization of squatter settlements in vulnerable areas without legal justification and planning, far from mitigating the inequalities, negative effects on the city. Under this hypothesis, this paper analyzes the impact of new housing policies in the Metropolitan Area of Tucumán (AMET), nearly 10 years of implementing a set of tending to the equal distribution of access to urban land social measures. It is concluded that the actions taken by the State produced an increase and consolidate the processes of fragmentation and emerging socio-spatial segregation of Tucuman AMET.